英国职业卫生法规、监管及统计体系

英国按照《职业安全和卫生法(1974)》,以职业安全卫生执行局(HSE)为执法和调查统计的主管机构,建立了以RIDDOR95规程为基础的企业雇主对其作业场所职业卫生记录和报告制度,同时HSE采取多种形式的政府主动调查,形成了较为完善的职业卫生调查统计体系。目前,我国职业卫生的调查统计体系尚未形成。以系统的方法和思路,从英国的职业卫生法规、监管入手,分析其调查统计体系,并采用对比分析的方法,将英国的体系与美国进行对比,学习工业发达国家的共同经验,为我国建立职业卫生统计体系提供借鉴。研究认为,上层法律及配套规范齐全、形成了政府主动调查与企业雇主主动记录和报告相结合的统计方式,以及调查统计数据定期向公众发布和实现信息共享是英美两国体系的共同特征。

Review on System of Occupational Health Laws, Administration and Statistics in U.K.

Based on Health and Safety at Work Act 1974, U.K. established an administration and statistical system, in which Health and Safety Executive was responsible for administrating occupational safety and health and statistical function related as well. Furthermore, RIDDOR95(Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995) was released to require employers to record and report work-related injuries, diseases and dangerous occurrences. Seeing that this system has not yet been set up in China, this article introduces the system in U.K. and contrasts it with that in U.S. so as to obtain their common experience and give a reference to the establishment of this system in China. Study shows that this system in U.K. and U.S. is commonly characterized by perfect byelaws on occupational health, a statistical mode of combining government's initiative survey and employers' report, and the share and promulgation of information on accident-survey and statistical result.