多出口条件下应急疏散路径优化模型

为减少拥堵发生概率,考虑多出口条件下疏散人群路径选择特点,建立应急疏散路径优化模型。首先以疏散通道布置方位为基础,建立疏散网络,确定可行疏散路径集合,考虑人群流量与排队时间动态关系,计算人群雍滞时间,表征路径当量长度,迭代可行路径集合;然后以疏散总时间最短为目标,修正Dijkstra算法目标函数,全局搜索时间最优路径,分配疏散方案;最后通过某多出口疏散案例,对比传统最短路径和优化最短时间疏散方案疏散总时间,验证模型的有效性。结果表明:优化后的疏散方案排队总时间与疏散总时间均小于传统疏散模型,疏散出口利用率更高,人流分布更为均匀,疏散路径重叠概率较小,有效提升了疏散效率。

Emergency evacuation path optimization model under multi-export conditions

To reduce the probability of congestion, considering the characteristics of evacuation route selection under multi-export conditions, an emergency evacuation route optimization model is established. Firstly, based on the evacuation channel arrangement orientation, the evacuation network is established, and the feasible evacuation path set is determined. Considering the dynamic relationship between crowd flow and queuing time, the population lag time is calculated, the path equivalent length is characterized, and the iterative feasible path set is represented. Then aiming at the shortest total evacuation time, the Dijkstra algorithm objective function is modified, the time search optimal path is globally, and the evacuation scheme is allocated. Finally, taking the multi-egress floor case as an example, the total time of the shortest and optimal evacuation path evacuation is compared to verify the validity of the model. The results show that the total time of queuing and the total evacuation time of the optimized evacuation scheme are smaller than the traditional evacuation model. The utilization of evacuation exit is higher, the distribution of people flow is more even, and the probability of overlapping of evacuation paths is smaller, which effectively improves the evacuation efficiency.