复杂建筑人员密集区域疏散模型

为有效评估复杂建筑人员密集区域发生突发事件时的人员疏散能力,结合人员疏散的移动速度、疏散时间、人群密度等3个方面的动力学控制方程,构建复杂建筑人员密集区域的人群疏散数学模型;以某商场突发事件为例,分别用该模型和Pathfinder软件模拟的方法,计算该商场人员疏散时间。结果表明:移动速度、疏散时间、人员密度等三者相互影响、控制,最终影响疏散效率;人群疏散数学模型与Pathfinder软件仿真模拟的疏散时间相符,并且该模型的计算结果反映出疏散时间主要与建筑物的楼层数目、人群移动速度、人群密度以及楼梯的物理参数等有关;该模型预判出疏散人员在楼梯口易发生堵塞且最占用疏散时间。

Research on evacuation model in densely populated area in a complex building

In order to effectively assess the evacuation ability in crowded place of a complex building in the event of an emergency,combined with the dynamic control equations of the evacuation speed, evacuation time,and population density,the mathematical model of crowd evacuation in a complex building was constructed. Taking a sudden event in a shopping mall as an example,the model and the Pathfinder software simulation method were used to calculate the evacuation time. The results show that the moving speed,evacuation time and personnel density influence and control each other,which ultimately affects the evacuation efficiency. The evacuation time obtained by the mathematical model is consistent with that simulated by Pathfinder software,and the calculation results of the model reflect that evacuation time correlates with the number of floors of the building,the speed of movement of the crowd,the crowd density,and physical parameters of the stairs. The model predicts that blockage is more likely to occur at the stairway and takes up most of the evacuation time.