起飞阶段冲偏出跑道事故预防分析

对中国民航1990—2007年期间飞机在起飞阶段发生的冲出/偏出跑道事件进行统计分析,总结其原因有:飞行程序的遗漏和检查单的不落实、中断起飞决策的正确性和程序的熟练性、飞行程序的偏离和飞行前的准备不足等。以调查问卷形式就起飞滑跑阶段发生轮胎爆破的训练情况进行调查,分析其结果发现:占中断起飞首要原因的轮胎爆破,在航空公司的飞行员中没有得到充分的训练。笔者调查及研究结论是,起飞阶段冲出/偏差跑道基本上都是由于机组的原因造成的;为了减少和预防起飞阶段冲偏出跑道事故的发生,航空公司应增加起飞性能、中断起飞的决策、中断起飞的风险等理论培训,在模拟机的训练中增加起飞滑跑阶段轮胎爆破的训练。

Analysis on Prevention of Runway Overrun /Excursion Accident during Takeoff

A statistical analysis was firstly made on the runway overrun/excursion events during aircraft takeoff, which happened from 1990 to 2007 in China; the causes for such events were summarized, which included skipping over or deviating from the flight procedures, non-proper decision making on rejected takeoff and non-proficiency in rejected takeoff. Then, an investigation was carried out on the training of airlines concerning tire burst during takeoff rolling through questionnaires. The result was that the tire burst was one of the main causes for rejected takeoff, and the flight crew didn't get enough training in the aspect. It is concluded that the main cause for the runway overrun/excursion accidents lies on the flight crew. Therefore, to prevent the runway overrun/excursion, the training of the pilots should be strengthened in the aspects of takeoff performance course, decision making in rejected takeoff, risks analysis of rejected takeoff and simulator training about tire burst during takeoff.