地铁工程建设施工危险辨识与施工坍塌事故应急预案的探讨

地铁工程建设施工一旦发生突发性事故,不仅损失巨大,而且受害面广。而目前,我国对于地铁施工突发性事故的应急救援制度和救援预案并未引起人们足够的重视。针对该现状,笔者论述地铁施工建立应急救援的必要性;通过对地铁工程建设施工的固有危险性以及以往事故的统计分析,确立坍塌是地铁工程施工中的重大突发事故;运用实效模式与影响方法,研讨TBM盾构机施工过程中的各种可能危险及后果;在上述研究的基础上,制定了坍塌事故应急预案;强调注水、堵漏、注浆是防止事故扩大的关键,事故后迅速恢复被破坏的市政设施的正常运行是预案实施的有力保障。坍塌事故应急预案对解决地铁工程施工中出现的重大突发坍塌问题具有一定的指导意义。

Risk Identification and Discussion on Emergency Preparedness for Collapse Accident during Metro Construction by Way of TBM

Metro accident, once happened, would not only lead to great economic loss and serious casualty, but also cover a wide area. At present in China, however, emergency preparedness for the outburst of metro accidents is usually neglected. Aiming at this situation, the necessity to establish emergency preparedness for the construction of metro engineering is described. Collapse accident as a severe abrupt accident is defined by analyzing statistically past accidents and the inherent risk during metro construction. The potential risk and its outcome during metro construction by way of TBM are analyzed by FMEA, then the emergency preparedness for the outburst of collapse accident is established, which emphasizes that infusion, blocking leakage and infusing slurry are the keys in preventing accident from expanding and that rapidly resuming city's facilities is the effective safeguard to carry out emergent preparedness. This preparedness would play great role in resolving the problem of collapse during the construction of metro engineering.