硝酸及氯离子对高温硝酸铵水溶液热危险性的影响研究

国内外学者对硝酸铵的危险性进行了大量的研究,而对其水溶液的危险性至今开展不多。笔者采用差示扫描量热仪(DSC)及全自动反应量热仪(RC1e)对高温状态下的硝酸铵水溶液的热分解危险性、杂质离子对其稳定性的影响进行了研究。纯硝酸铵和90%硝酸铵水溶液的DSC实验表明,90%硝酸铵溶液和分析纯硝酸铵具有相似的热爆炸危险;90%硝酸铵水溶液在140~180℃之间的RC1e试验表明:硝酸或氯离子单独存在时,对硝酸铵分解都有不同程度的抑制作用,而同时存在时则大大降低体系的热稳定性。该结果对保障硝酸铵在生产、使用过程中的安全具有重要的参考价值。

Influence of Nitrate Acid and Chlorine Ion on the Decomposition of Ammonium Nitrate in Aqueous Solution with High Temperature

Many domestic and overseas scholars made lots of research on the dangers of Ammonium Nitrate (AN), however, very little study was on the dangers of its aqueous solution. Differential Scanning Calorimeter (DSC) and Reaction Calorimeter (RC1e) were employed to study the thermal decomposition hazard of AN aqueous solution and the influence of impurity on its stability under high temperature. Decomposition of analytical ammonium nitrate (AN) and an aqueous solution containing 90% (w/w) AN was evaluated by DSC, it indicated that the thermal explosion risk of the aqueous solution containing 90% AN (w/w) is similar to that of the analytical reagent. The RC1e experiment on the aqueous solution containing 90% AN at the temperature between 140℃ and 180℃ showed that the decomposition of AN solution was restrained to some extent with the presence of nitric acid or chlorine ion. However, when both of them present in the solution, the thermal stability of AN aqueous system would be reduced obviously. These results were of important reference to the hazard control in the process of AN production and handling.