我国职业噪声危害成因分析及总体控制对策

职业噪声不仅属于职业卫生问题 ,也是当今世界上主要的环境公害之一。有效控制职业噪声不仅能够保护劳动者的听力不受损害 ,使其身心安全与健康得到保障 ,同时也是消除安全隐患 ,实现安全生产的重要途径。笔者分析了我国职业噪声危害的现状 ,论述了我国职业噪声危害的严重性以及控制的重要性与迫切性。然后采用“人 -机 -环境”系统工程方法 ,分别从人的行为、物的状态以及工作环境等 3个方面 ,分析职业噪声危害的成因 ,构造了基于宏观管理维、中观人机环境维以及微观技术维等三维结构的我国职业噪声危害控制总体框架 ,并从政府、企业以及劳动者等角度 ,对职业噪声危害控制的运行机制进行了研究 ,以解决我国日益严重的职业噪声危害问题 ,不断改善我国安全生产现状并进一步提高劳动保护工作的整体水平。

Cause Analysis and Control Measures of Occupational Noise Hazard in China

Occupational noise is one of the occupational health problems; furthermore, it is one of worldwide environment hazards. To effectively control the occupational noise could not only conserve the hearing, health and well-being of workers, but also could eliminate hidden dangers to assure the production safety. Based on the analysis of the severity of the occupational noise problem and the significance and urgency in controlling this hazard in China, the cause of occupational noise is analyzed by the system engineering method of “man-machine-environment”. Then, a three dimensional structure for controlling this hazard, namely, the macro management dimension, medium dimension of “man-machine-environment” and micro technology dimension, is suggested. Its operation mechanism is discussed in order to effectively control this hazard in China.