新建铁路站区对城市环境噪声影响特征及预测研究

在铁路车站噪声影响中,车站影响区域产生的次生噪声相对于站中心的原生噪声,是城区噪声污染的主要因素。根据不同规模车站区对周边社会及人文景观的影响程度,划分出站区噪声监测范围。通过监测对比分析,发现站中心噪声与车站规模具有显著的正相关关系,而车站影响区噪声值在中小规模车站中,二者有一定的正相关关系,但当车站发展到一定大规模后,影响区内的噪声反而略有下降并趋于平稳。通过分析认为,大规模车站的建立有利于促进周边城市更合理地规划布局。根据车站布局与兴建对城市环境噪声影响的关系,以及站区噪声源变化特点,建立了不同车站规模站区的噪声值预测模型,其预测结果为新建铁路路站在城市中的规划布局,提供了实用的参考依据及有价值的建议。

Characteristic of the Impact of Newly Built Railway Station on Urban Environment Noise Level and Its Prediction

Secondary noise evolved by the train station is the major source of noise pollution to ambient environment. According to levels of impact on surrounding human activities and scenery buildings, the extents of impact by secondary noise are graded, of which the noise levels are monitored. The results indicate that the noise levels impacted are correlated with the scale of the train station. Among the small and medium stations, the noise levels are directly proportional to the scale. However, when the station is enlarged to a certain extent, the noise level in the impacted area shows a downward trend toward steady. It is considered that to build large station is beneficial to more rationally lay out the neighboring buildings so as to reduce the noise pollution. According to the statistical analysis of noise levels at different graded impact area, a noise level prediction model for different scales of stations is established. The predicted results would provide reference criteria and valuable suggestion on how to rationally lay out the newly built train station.