航空工效中情境觉知的研究

随着航空设备自动化 /智能化水平的不断提高 ,现代飞机座舱中动态信息越来越多 ,而飞行员的主要作用已由操作控制向监视转移 ,即人的体力负荷下降、心理负荷增加的现象变得更加突出。鉴于此 ,有关飞行员情境觉知研究已成了目前航空工效研究领域中比较活跃的一个方向 ,笔者通过对情境觉知的发展历史、概念定义、影响因素、定性模型分析 ,并结合前人的研究成果建立了一个新的情境觉知定义和相应的情境觉知多级触发定性分析模型 ,初步揭示了高级飞行员和飞行学员之间的情境认知差别 ,并为进一步建立定量的情境觉知多级触发分析模型 (包括不同情境下飞行员的感觉、理解、预测等阶段的临界值 )打下了基础。

Study on Situation Awareness in Aviation Ergonomics

As the automation of aviation equipment develops so rapidly, the dynamic information in cockpit much more increases, and the task of pilot shifts from operational control to monitoring control. The physical burden of pilot decreases, while psychological stress of pilot becomes dominant. So the research of situation awareness of pilots becomes an active trend in aviation ergonomics. Through the study of the development history, definition, influential factors, and qualitative analysis models of situation awareness, and combining with available achievements, a new definition and a relevant multi-level trigger qualitative analysis model of situation awareness are established. The difference of situation awareness between senior pilots and pilot trainees is preliminarily revealed, which might lay the foundation for establishment of a quantitative model.