强风中高速列车安全性研究

选用某国产动车1∶1模型,对高速列车在不同的侧风速度和风向角作用下运行进行模拟计算,得到列车所受气动力变化情况,研究气动力随风向角的变化机理。模拟结果表明,该车型在不同强度和不同风向角侧风作用下,侧向力、升力和倾覆力矩均随着侧风作用的增强而显著增大,在强侧风作用下,头车所受侧向力及倾覆力矩最大,较易发生倾覆事故;而尾车所受侧向力及倾覆力矩最小,相对安全。随风速和风向角的增大,受电弓和转向架对倾覆力矩的贡献均增大,在模拟时不可忽略;在风向角大于5°小于90°的范围内,列车各个部位的气动力与风向角呈3次方关系递增。

Study on the Safety of High-speed Train in Strong Wind

A certain China railway high speed (CRH) train model, with the ratio of 1∶1, running at 350 km/h in strong wind of different speeds and wind angles is numerically simulated. The aerodynamic forces acting on the train are calculated. The results of computation show that the side force, the lift force and the overturning moment will augment remarkably with the crosswind velocity increasing. Under the action of strong crosswind, the head train suffers from the largest aerodynamic side force and overturning moment, so the head train is easier to overturn. However, the aerodynamic side force and overturning moment acting on the tail train is the least. Moreover, the overturning moment acting on the pantograph and bogies increases obviously with the crosswind speed increasing, which can not be ignored. In the wind angle range of 5° to 90°, the aerodynamic forces acting on various parts of the trains and the wind angle take on the third-party relationships. The analysis results provide helpful reference to catch the aerodynamic forces characteristics under the effect of different crosswind intensity.