Negative carbon via Ocean Afforestation |
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| Authors: | Antoine de Ramon N‘Yeurt David P Chynoweth Mark E Capron Jim R Stewart Mohammed A Hasan |
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| Institution: | 1. Institute of Marine Environmental Chemistry and Ecology, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan;2. Green Energy and Environment Research Laboratories, Industrial Technology Research Institute, Hsinchu 310, Taiwan;3. Department of Marine Environmental Informatics, National Taiwan Ocean University, Keelung 202, Taiwan;1. Ocean College, Zhejiang University, Zhoushan, 316000, China;2. State Key Laboratory for Marine Environmental Science, Xiamen, 361100, China;3. Qingdao Institute of Bioenergy and Bioprocess Technology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Qingdao, 266101, China;4. Institute of Marine Science and Technology, Shandong University, Qingdao, 266237, China;5. The State Key Lab of Fluid Power and Mechatronic System, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, 310027, China;1. Institute of Hydrobiology, Jinan University, Key Laboratory of Eutrophication and Red Tide Control, Educational Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510632, China;2. Marine Biology Institute, Shantou University, Shantou 515063, China;3. Institute for Environmental Genomics, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73019, USA;4. Department of Microbiology and Plant Biology, University of Oklahoma, Norman 73019, USA;5. Department of Ecology, Jinan University, Guangzhou 510632, China |
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| Abstract: | Ocean Afforestation, more precisely Ocean Macroalgal Afforestation (OMA), has the potential to reduce atmospheric carbon dioxide concentrations through expanding natural populations of macroalgae, which absorb carbon dioxide, then are harvested to produce biomethane and biocarbon dioxide via anaerobic digestion. The plant nutrients remaining after digestion are recycled to expand the algal forest and increase fish populations. A mass balance has been calculated from known data and applied to produce a life cycle assessment and economic analysis. This analysis shows the potential of Ocean Afforestation to produce 12 billion tons per year of biomethane while storing 19 billion tons of CO2 per year directly from biogas production, plus up to 34 billion tons per year from carbon capture of the biomethane combustion exhaust. These rates are based on macro-algae forests covering 9% of the world's ocean surface, which could produce sufficient biomethane to replace all of today's needs in fossil fuel energy, while removing 53 billion tons of CO2 per year from the atmosphere, restoring pre-industrial levels. This amount of biomass could also increase sustainable fish production to potentially provide 200 kg/yr/person for 10 billion people. Additional benefits are reduction in ocean acidification and increased ocean primary productivity and biodiversity. |
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