The electrocoagulation/flotation study: The removal of heavy metals from the waste fountain solution |
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| Institution: | 1. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Technical Sciences, Department of Graphic Engineering and Design, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 6, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;2. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Chemistry, Biochemistry and Environmental protection, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 3, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;3. University of Novi Sad, Faculty of Sciences, Department of Mathematics and Informatics, Trg Dositeja Obradovica 4, 21000 Novi Sad, Serbia;1. LUT University, School of Engineering Science, 53850, Lappeenranta, Finland;2. LUT University, School of Engineering Science, 50130, Mikkeli, Finland;1. Graduate Institute of Environmental Engineering, National Taiwan University, 71, Chou-Shan Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan;2. Department of Geosciences, National Taiwan University, 1, Sec. 4, Roosevelt Rd., Taipei 106, Taiwan;3. School of Public Health, Taipei Medical University, 250, Wu-Xing Street, Taipei 110, Taiwan |
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| Abstract: | The objective of this study was to investigate the possibility of heavy metals (copper, zinc and nickel) removal from the waste fountain solution by the electrocoagulation/flotation (ECF) treatment. After the printing process, the fountain solution changes its composition due to direct contact with different printing materials (plates, inks, etc.) and becomes enriched with metals. The effect of operational parameters, such as electrode materials and combinations, current density, interelectrode distance and operating time, was studied. Also, response surface methodology (RSM) was applied to evaluate the effect of main operational variables and to get a balanced removal efficiency of metals from waste fountain solution by ECF treatment. The iron/iron electrode combination yields a higher percentage of copper and zinc removal efficiency (>95% and >80%, respectively), while for nickel the aluminum/iron and iron/aluminum electrode combinations (>95 and >85%, respectively) proved to be more successful. The optimum interelectrode distance was 1.0 cm (for copper) and 1.5 cm (for zinc and nickel) for all current densities. Heavy metal removal efficiency increases with the increase of electrolysis time for all electrode combinations. Also, the increase of current density improves the ECF removal efficiency. Based on the results obtained through RSM, the optimized parameters for the ECF waste fountain solution treatment for metal removal were identified as: Fe(−)/Al(+) electrode with interelectrode distance of 1.5 cm, operating time of 60 min and current density of 8 mA cm−2. Overall, the ECF treatment was proven very efficient in the removal of heavy metals from the waste fountain solution under optimum conditions. |
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| Keywords: | Electrocoagulation/flotation treatment Fountain solution Waste Heavy metals Response surface methodology Metals |
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