Electrostatic ignition of sensitive flammable mixtures: Is charge generation due to bubble bursting in aqueous solutions a credible hazard? |
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Institution: | 1. Department of Physics, Konkuk University, Seoul 143-701, Republic of Korea;2. Department of Materials Science and Engineering, Gwangju Institute of Science and Technology (GIST), Gwangju 500-712, Republic of Korea;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Jadavpur University, Kolkata 700032, India;2. School of Water Resources Engineering, Jadavpur University, Jadavpur, Kolkata 700032, India;1. Lightning Research Group, Division of Electricity, Ångström Laboratory, Uppsala University, Box 534, SE-75121 Uppsala, Sweden;2. ABB Power Systems HVDC, SE-77180 Ludvika, Sweden |
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Abstract: | Experiments have been conducted to gain insight into the credibility of sparging aqueous solutions as an electrostatic ignition hazard for sensitive hydrogen/air or fuel/oxygen mixtures (Minimum Ignition Energies of ~0.017 mJ and ~0.002 mJ, respectively, compared to ~0.25 mJ for hydrocarbon/air mixtures). Tests performed in a 0.5 m3 ullage produced electric field strengths between 125 and 560 V m?1 for air flows of 5–60 l min?1, respectively, comprised of 2–4 mm diameter bubbles. Field strength can be related to the space charge and fitting to an exponential accumulation curve enabled the charge generation rate from the air flows to be estimated. This was observed to be directly proportional to the air flow and its magnitude was consistent with literature data for bubble bursts. The charge accumulation observed at laboratory scale would not be a cause for concern. On the basis of a simple model, the charge accumulation in a 27 m3 ullage was predicted for a range of air flows. It is apparent from such calculations that ignition of hydrocarbon/air mixtures would not be expected. However, it would seem possible that field strengths might be sufficient to cause a risk of incendive spark or corona discharges in moderately sized vessels with sensitive flammable mixtures. |
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Keywords: | Bubbles Aerosol Space charge Electrostatic Ignition Hydrogen |
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