Perceptions of safety on a shared road: Driving,cycling, or walking near an autonomous vehicle |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, West Virginia University, Morgantown, WV 26506, United States;2. Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, United States;1. Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;2. Lyles School of Civil Engineering, Department of Agricultural and Biological Engineering, Purdue University, 550 Stadium Mall Drive, West Lafayette, IN, 47907, USA;1. School of Civil Engineering, The University of Queensland, Queensland 4072, Australia;2. Technical University of Denmark, Department of Transport, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. Department of Industrial & Systems Engineering, Mississippi State University, PO Box 9542, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;2. Center for Advanced Vehicular Systems, Mississippi State University, PO Box 5405, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;3. Department of Mathematics and Statistics, Mississippi State University, P.O. Box MA, Mississippi State, MS 39762, USA;4. Crash Safety Research, LLC, 82 Main Street, Suite 3, East Hampton, CT 06424, USA;1. The Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education, Department of Transportation Engineering, Tongji University, Shanghai 201804, China;2. Institute of Transportation System Science and Engineering, Beijing Jiaotong University, Beijing 100044, China;3. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, United States;1. SWOV Institute for Road Safety Research, P.O. Box 93113, 2509 AC Den Haag, the Netherlands;2. Transport and Planning Department, Faculty of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Delft University of Technology, P.O. Box 5048, 2600 GA Delft, the Netherlands |
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| Abstract: | Introduction: While improved safety is a highly cited potential benefit of autonomous vehicles (AVs), at the same time a frequently cited concern is the new safety challenges that AVs introduce. The literature lacks a rigorous exploration of the safety perceptions of road users who will interact with AVs, including vulnerable road users. Addressing this gap is essential because the successful integration of AVs into transportation systems hinges on an understanding of how all road users will react to their presence. Methods: A stated preference survey of the Phoenix, Arizona, metropolitan statistical area (Phoenix MSA) was conducted in July 2018. A series of ordered probit models was estimated to analyze the survey responses and identify differences between various population groups with respect to the perceived safety of driving, cycling, and walking near AVs. Results: Greater exposure to and awareness of AVs are not uniformly associated with increases in perceived safety. Various attitudinal factors, level of AV automation, and other intrinsic and extrinsic factors are related to safety perceptions of driving, walking, and cycling near AVs. Socioeconomic and demographic characteristics, such as gender, age, income, employment, and automobile usage and ownership, have various relationships with perceived safety. Conclusions: Cycling near an AV was perceived as the least safe activity, followed by walking and then driving near an AV. Both similarities and differences were observed among the factors associated with the perceived safety of different travel alternatives. Practical Applications: Public perception will guide the development and adoption of AVs directly and indirectly. To help maintain control of public perception, transportation planners, decision makers, and other stakeholders should consider more deliberate and targeted messaging to address the concerns of different road users. In addition, more careful pilot testing and more direct attention to vulnerable road users may help avoid a backlash that could delay the rollout of this technology. |
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| Keywords: | Autonomous vehicles Perceived safety Vulnerable road users Ordered probit models Attitudes |
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