高层住宅楼小天井与外廊结构的消防安全问题研究

高层住宅楼已经成为城市建筑中最主要的建筑形式,高层住宅楼的小天井由于具有采光、通风功能又可以节省占地面积而受到开发商和用户的青睐。高层住宅楼采用小天井和外廊结构可能带来的消防安全问题,给城市的消防安全管理增加了不确定因素。采用数值模拟的方法构建了采用小天井与外廊结构的高层住宅楼火灾场景,并开展现场热烟试验,研究了小天井与外廊结构的火灾危险性,对采用防火玻璃分隔方法的可行性进行了论证。研究结果显示,采取使用防火玻璃将小天井和外廊进行分隔的消防措施,不利于外廊烟气的排放和人员疏散。

Investigation on fire safety of high-rise residential building with small patio and verandah

High-rise building has become the main architectural form in cities. High-rise residential buildings with small patio and verandah are favored by the developers and users for its functions regarding lighting, ventilation and saving area. However, structure of small patio and verandah has caused fire safety problem, leading to uncertainty in safety management. In this work, the numerical simulation method is used to build fire scenes of the high-rise residential buildings with small patio and verandah, and the hot smoke experiment was conducted. The fire danger of small patio and verandah is studied and the feasibility of separating the small patio and verandah with fire-resistant glass is investigated. Results show that separating the small patio and verandah with fire-resistant glass cannot meet the fire safety requirements of smoke exhaust and evacuation.