城市地下空间管道施工坍塌事故行为原因研究

为了进一步了解城市地下空间管道施工坍塌事故发生的原因,笔者运用行为安全"2-4"模型事故致因分析方法分析了27起典型的管道施工坍塌事故,分析得出17类共109个不安全动作和6类共34个不安全物态,不安全动作中发生率较高的是不按要求对基坑放坡和加固、未对作业人员安全教育培训或者培训不到位以及施工前未进行风险识别或者识别不到位,并对这3方面不安全动作进行进一步分析;不安全物态中发生率较高的是未加支撑的基坑侧壁、存在淤泥和松软土质结构的开挖层。得出安全知识不足7类共58项,安全意识的淡薄,对于生产主管主要体现在雇佣临时工,施工现场作业人员则体现在不注意环境周围存在的安全隐患;得出安全管理体系的欠缺9类共88项,因安全生产规章制度缺乏或制度不合格导致安全管理体系欠缺占比最大,因无安全技术交底或技术交底不到位导致安全管理体系的欠缺居于第二位,施工前未进行风险识别或者识别不到位在27起事故中也出现12次,也是安全管理工作中不可忽视的因素。

Study on Behavioral Causes of Collapse Accidents in Urban Underground Space Pipeline Construction

In order to further understand the causes of the collapse of urban underground space pipeline construction, 27 typical pipeline construction collapse accidents were analyzed using the behavioral safety 24Model accident cause analysis method, and it was concluded that there were 17 categories of 109 unsafe actions, 6 categories of 34 unsafe physical conditions, 58 items in 7 categories of lacking of safety knowledge, and 88 items of 9 categories of safety system defect. Not grading and reinforcing the foundation pits as required, lacking safety education training or inadequate training for the workers were the higher incidences of unsafe operations. The unsupported foundation pit sidewall, excavation layer with silt and soft soil structure were the higher incidence of unsafe physical state. As to the safety weak awareness, it was mainly reflected in the employment of temporary workers for the production supervisors, and it was reflected in the safety hazards surrounding the environment for the construction site operators. For the safety management system defect, lacking of safety production rules or regulations or system failures was of the first proportion, lacking of safety technology or technical disclosure was of the second proportion, and no risk identification or inadequate risk identification was of the third proportion.