基于Pathfinder模拟的教学楼出入口与楼梯优化研究

教学楼人员在紧急状态疏散过程中极易发生拥挤踩踏事故,合理设置教学楼出入口与楼梯宽度是保障人员快速安全疏散的关键影响因素。本文采用Pathfinder软件平台以某高中教学楼为研究对象进行建模,通过变换出入口位置,改变楼梯梯段宽度等方式设计调整教学楼疏散场景,设置不同场景,模拟了不同场景下教学楼出入口和各楼层楼梯处的人员疏散情况。根据对疏散过程及疏散时间的分析,结果表明:合理设置出入口数量、方式及增加楼梯梯段宽度可有效提升人员疏散速度,且仅通过增加出入口并不能显著增加疏散速度,需同步考虑出入口与楼梯宽度之间的协调。以期为该类建筑紧急疏散设计提供参考。

A Study on Exit and Stairs Optimization of Teaching Buildings based on Pathfinder Simulation

Crowding and stomping accident often occurs during the evacuation of teaching buildings,the exits'position and the stairs'width are key influencing factors to ensure rapid and safe evacuation.Aiming at the problem of occupation evacuation from exits and stairs of teaching building,a high school teaching building was taken as the research object using the Pathfinder software platform.The evacuation simulation was carried out by changing the exits'position and the stairs'width in different models of the teaching building.According to the analysis of the evacuation process,setting exits and stairs reasonably may improve the speed of evacuation effectively,meanwhile the coordination between the exits and the stairs needs to be considered simultaneously.At last some design suggestions for teaching buildings were given.