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Errors of perception in air traffic control
Institution:1. Centre for Elite Performance, Expertise and Training, Macquarie University, NSW 2109, Australia;2. Department of Aviation, Swinburne University, Australia;1. School of Aviation, University of New South Wales, NSW, Australia;2. MARCS Institute, University of Western Sydney, NSW, Australia;1. Cognitive Ergonomics Group, Mind, Brain and Behavior Research Centre (CIMCYC), University of Granada, Campus de Cartuja s/n, 18071, Granada, Spain;2. Université Paris 8, Vincennes – St. Denis, 2 rue de la Liberté, 93200 Saint-Denis, France;3. CHArt/LUTIN (EA 4004), Cité des Sciences et de l''Industrie de la Villette, 30 Avenue Corentin Cariou, 75930 Paris, France;1. School of Petroleum and Geological Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, United States;2. Department Industrial & System Engineering, The University of Oklahoma, United States;3. Department of Psychology, The National Institute for Risk & Resilience, The University of Oklahoma, United States;1. Safety and Accident Investigation Centre, Cranfield University, Cranfield, Bedfordshire, United Kingdom;2. ATM Operations and Strategy, Irish Aviation Authority, 11-12 D''olier Street, Dublin, Ireland;3. Office of Institutional Research, National Central University, Taiwan;1. Institute of Environmental and Occupational Health Sciences, National Yang-Ming University, No.155, Sec.2, Linong Street, Taipei, 11221, Taiwan, ROC;2. Department of Occupational Safety and Health, Chung Shan Medical University, No.110, Sec.1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan, ROC;3. Department of Occupational Medicine, Chung Shan Medical University Hospital, No. 110, Sec. 1, Jianguo N. Rd., Taichung, 40201, Taiwan, ROC
Abstract:Accurate and timely perception of visual and auditory information by air traffic controllers is critical to aviation safety. The aim of this research was to investigate the types of errors of perception that occur in air traffic control (ATC). The data were gathered from interviews with 28 UK area controllers and a review of 48 area and terminal control incidents involving loss of separation in the UK spanning three years. The data gave rise to a set of classifications, which form part of the technique for the retrospective analysis of human error (TRACEr). The results are discussed in terms of theory and empirical research. Key main implications for future automation are outlined, in terms of display design, automation reliability and the operation of multiple tools designed and developed separately.
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