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Influence of physical properties of ammonium nitrate on the detonation behaviour of ANFO |
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| Authors: | Atsumi Miyake Keiya Takahara Terushige Ogawa Yuji Ogata Yuji Wada Hiroyuki Arai |
| Institution: | a Department of Safety Engineering, Yokohama National University, Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama 240-8501, Japan b Department of Safety Engineering, National Institute of Advanced Industrial Science and Technology, Onogawa, Tsukuba 305-8569, Japan c Department of Chemical System Engineering, The University of Tokyo, Hongo, Bunkyo-ku, Tokyo 113-8656, Japan d Explosion Investigation Section, National Research Institute of Police Science, Kashiwanoha, Kashiwa 277-0882, Japan |
| Abstract: | In order to obtain a better understanding of the non-ideal detonation behaviour of ammonium nitrate based explosives, detonation velocities of ANFO (ammonium nitrate and fuel oil) prepared with different kinds of ammonium nitrate (AN) were measured in steel tubes. In this series of test six kinds of AN were used and the influence of the pore diameter, the pore volume and the particle diameter of the AN particle on the detonation velocity of ANFO was investigated. It was found that the pore diameter and the pore volume had a strong influence on the detonation velocities of ANFO. In the case of ANFO samples which were prepared with AN that had the same pore diameter and the pore volume, when tested the highest detonation velocity (3.85 km/s) was observed when the smallest particle diameter (<0.85 mm) was used. This value corresponded to 75% of the ideal detonation velocity, which was theoretically predicted by the CHEETAH code with the JCZ3-EOS. The 12 months aging showed the change of the detonation velocities of ANFO and the reaction of ANFO was influenced both by the physical and the chemical properties of AN particles and oil during the storage period. |
| Keywords: | Non-ideal detonation Ammonium nitrate ANFO Physical property Aging |
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