Extinguishing pool fires with aqueous ferrocene dispersions containing gemini surfactants |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Materials Science and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Yokohama National University, 79-5 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan;2. Department of Safety Management, Faculty of Environmental and Information Sciences, Yokohama National University, 79-7 Tokiwadai, Hodogaya-ku, Yokohama, 240-8501, Japan;1. Department of Chemical Engineering, Queen''s University, Kingston, ON, K7L 3N6, Canada;2. Department of Polymer Chemistry, Graduate School of Engineering, Kyoto University, Katsura, Nishikyo-ku, Kyoto, 615-8510, Japan;1. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China;2. Department of Fire Commanding, The Chinese People’s Armed Police Forces Academy, Langfang, Hebei 065000, China;1. School of Chemical Engineering and Energy, Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450001, China;2. Institute of Industrial Technology of Guangzhou and Chinese Academy of Science, Guangzhou 511458, China;3. Department of Civil and Architectural Engineering, City University of Hong Kong, Kowloon, Hong Kong, China;1. State Key Laboratory of Explosion Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 10081, China;2. The Chinese People''s Armed Police Forces Academy, Hebei, Langfang, 065000, China;1. National Engineering Research Center of Fire and Emergency Rescue, Chinese People''s Police University, Langfang, 065000, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Explosive Science and Technology, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing, 100081, China;3. Shanxi Yitong Technology Group Co., Ltd., Changzhi, 046000, China;4. Shandong Jingxin Powder Technology Equipment Co., Ltd., Weifang, 262400, China;1. State Key Laboratory Cultivation Bases Gas Geology and Gas Control, School of Safety Science and Engineering, Henan Polytechnic University, Jiaozuo 454003, China;2. State Key Laboratory of Coal Mine Disaster Dynamics Control, Chongqing University, Chongqing 400044, China |
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| Abstract: | The objective of the present study was to explore the relationship between the dispersibility and fire-extinguishing capability of aqueous ferrocene dispersions containing gemini surfactants belonging to the same series, namely, olfin E1020, olfin PD 201, and surfynol 465. In this study, the dispersibility and ability to suppress pool fires were characterized by turbidity and extinguishing time, respectively. Ultrasonication enabled easy preparation of the aqueous dispersions of ferrocene powder containing the gemini surfactants. Visual observations and turbidity measurements clearly demonstrated that the order of dispersibility was as follows: ferrocene dispersion containing surfynol 465 ≥ ferrocene dispersion containing olfin E1020 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin PD201. Fire suppression experiments indicated that the ferrocene diameter, in the ferrocene diameter range of 10.4–21.5 μm, negligibly influenced the extinguishing time. Furthermore, for the same ferrocene samples as were used for the turbidity measurements, the order of extinguishing ability was as follows: ferrocene dispersion containing surfynol 465 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin E1020 > ferrocene dispersion containing olfin PD201; thus, the extinguishing ability was identical to the dispersibility order. |
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| Keywords: | Ferrocene Fire extinguishing agent Aqueous dispersion Water mist Gemini surfactant Additive |
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