UN test O.1 errors in quantifying the behavior of solid oxidizers |
| |
| Institution: | 1. Key Laboratory of Tectonics and Petroleum Resources of Ministry of Education, Faculty of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences, Wuhan 430074, China;2. Radiogenic Isotope Facility, School of Earth Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia;3. School of Biological Sciences, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Qld 4072, Australia;1. Melamin d.d. Kočevje, Tomšičeva cesta 13, SI-1330 Kočevje, Slovenia;2. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Chemistry and Chemical Technology, Aškerčeva cesta 5, SI-1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;3. CSIRO Materials Science and Engineering, Ian Wark Laboratory, Bag 10, Clayton South, Vic. 3169, Australia;1. Department of Chemical and Biochemical Engineering, Technical University of Denmark (DTU), Building 229, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;2. Department of Fouling Release Systems, Hempel A/S, Lundtoftegårdsvej 91, 2800, Kgs. Lyngby, Denmark;1. Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering, Politecnico di Milano, Milan 20133, Italy;2. National Climate Center, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China;3. Department of Physics, Università degli Studi di Milano and INFN Milan, Italy |
| |
| Abstract: | The results of the UN test O.1 for oxidizing solids are shown to be incorrect when specimens contain certain inertant additives, illustrated for the case of oxidizers in the ammonium nitrate fertilizer family. Test results for three different AN-based products containing inertants show that two of the three (including calcium ammonium nitrate, CAN, a long-known safer alternative to AN) would be misranked with the O.1 test. An analogy between the heat release rate of substances containing fire retardant (FR) chemicals is established and several ways by which FR behavior can be achieved are demonstrated. It is shown that the O.1 test implicitly adopts only one model of inertant action, and that chemicals which rely on a differing mode of inertant action are liable to be incorrectly treated. It is further shown that the physical basis of the O.1 test—an intimate mixture of finely-comminuted fuel and oxidizer—misrepresents the most common type of accidents involving oxidizers, and that such test results do not correspond to scenarios of a less extreme nature. The new O.3 test improves the analysis method, but does not resolve the problem of excessive commingling of fuel into oxidizer. It is recommended that the intermediate-scale arrangement used by the Bureau of Explosives be adopted for further development and standardization, in preference to the O.1 or O.3 test arrangements. |
| |
| Keywords: | Ammonium nitrate Fire retardants Solid oxidizers UN test O 1 UN test O 3 |
| 本文献已被 ScienceDirect 等数据库收录！ |
|
