Dust explosion risk moderation for flocculent dusts |
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| Authors: | Paul R Amyotte Chris T Cloney Faisal I Khan Robert C Ripley |
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| Institution: | 1. Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada;2. Martec Ltd., Lloyd''s Register, Halifax, NS, Canada;3. Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John''s, NL, Canada;1. Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada;2. Martec Ltd., Lloyd''s Register, Halifax, NS, Canada;3. Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John''s, NL, Canada;1. School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK;2. Institute of Mechanical, Process & Energy Engineering, Heriot-Watt University, UK;3. Department of Chemical and Polymer Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, Faisalabad Campus, 54000, Pakistan;4. Department of Mechanical Engineering, University of Engineering and Technology, Lahore, KSK Campus, 54000, Pakistan;1. Federal Institute for Materials Research and Testing (BAM), Department 2 “Chemical Safety Engineering”, Unter den Eichen 87, 12205, Berlin, Germany;2. Otto-von-Guericke-University of Magdeburg, Chair of System Engineering and Plant Safety, 39106, Magdeburg, Germany;1. Process Engineering & Applied Science, Dalhousie University, Halifax, NS, Canada;2. Martec Limited, Lloyd''s Register, Halifax, NS, Canada;3. Process Engineering, Memorial University, St. John''s, NL, Canada |
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| Abstract: | The research presented in this paper is focused on dust explosions of coarse and fine flocculent (or fibrous) samples of wood and polyethylene. Hybrid mixtures of fibrous polyethylene and admixed ethylene were also studied. Experimentation was conducted by following standardized test procedures and using standardized apparatus for determination of maximum explosion pressure, size-normalized maximum rate of pressure rise, minimum explosible concentration, minimum ignition energy, and minimum ignition temperature. A general trend was observed of enhanced explosion likelihood and consequence severity with a decrease in material diameter, as well as enhanced consequence severity with admixture of a flammable gas to the combustion atmosphere. The same phenomena are well-established for dusts composed of spherical particles; this highlights the importance of inherently safer design and the principle of moderation in avoiding the generation of fine sizes of flocculent dusts and hybrid mixtures of such materials with flammable gases.In addition to presenting experimental findings, the paper describes phenomenological modelling efforts for the flocculent polyethylene using four geometric equivalence models: radial equivalence, volumetric equivalence, surface area equivalence, and specific surface area equivalence. The surface area equivalence model was found to yield the best estimates of maximum rate of pressure rise for the flocculent polyethylene samples investigated experimentally. |
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