Toward an inherently safer design and operation of batch and semi-batch processes: The N-oxidation of alkylpyridines |
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| Authors: | Alba Pineda-Solano Lina R Saenz Victor Carreto Maria Papadaki M Sam Mannan |
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| Institution: | 1. Mary Kay O''Connor Process Safety Center, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843-3122, USA;2. Department of Environmental and Natural Resources Management, University of Ioannina, Seferi 2, Agrinio, GR 30100, Greece;1. Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, Texas A&M University, 3122 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA;2. Texas A&M Energy Institute, Texas A&M University, 3372 TAMU, College Station, TX 77843, USA;3. Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, Princeton University, Princeton, NJ, 08544, USA;1. Instituto Tecnológico de Celaya, Departamento de Ingeniería Química, Celaya, Gto. 38010, Mexico;2. Texas A&M University, Artie McFerrin Department of Chemical Engineering, College Station, TX 77843, USA;1. Centre of Hydrogen Energy, Institute of Future Energy, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universiti Teknologi Malaysia, 81310, UTM Johor Bahru, Malaysia;3. Department of Biotechnology and Chemical Technology, Aalto University, P.O. Box 16100, 00076, Aalto, Finland;1. Università degli Studi dell''Insubria, Dipartimento di Scienza e Alta Tecnologia, via G.B. Vico 46, 21100 Varese, Italy;2. INNOVHUB, Divisione Stazione Sperimentale per i Combustibili, viale A. De Gasperi 3, 20097 S. Donato M.se, Italy;3. Politecnico di Milano, Dipartimento di Chimica, Materiali e Ingegneria Chimica “G. Natta”, via Mancinelli 7, 20131 Milano, Italy |
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| Abstract: | This work shows an application of inherent safety principles to a reaction widely used in the pharmaceutical industry. More specifically, it incorporates the teachings of Trevor Kletz into the design of an inherently safer process for the N-oxidation of alkylpyridines. This reaction is of interest because of the hazards resulting from the undesired, gas-generating decomposition of hydrogen peroxide, the oxidizing agent. The generation of oxygen, combined with the flammability of the alkylpyridines, represents a serious fire and explosion hazard for this process. The purpose of this paper is to demonstrate how an inherently safer process can be potentially achieved by designing improved reactors and by assessing conditions that reduce or eliminate the hazards. Furthermore, it is shown that such improvement in safety increases the efficiency of the process and results in a cost reduction. |
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