Flammability of methane,propane, and hydrogen gases |
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| Institution: | 1. Pittsburgh Research Laboratory, National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health, Pittsburgh, PA, USA;2. Copper Mountain, Colorado, USA;1. College of Pipeline and Civil Engineering in China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, 266580, China;2. Shandong Provincial Key Laboratory of Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Safety, Qingdao 266580, China;3. Qingdao Key Laboratory of Circle Sea Oil & Gas Storage and Transportation Technology, Qingdao 266580, China;4. Pipeline Changchun Branch in China National Petroleum Pipe Co., Ltd, Changchun, 130000, China;5. East China Branch in China Petrochemical Marketing Co. Ltd, Shanghai, 200050, China;1. São Paulo State University - UNESP, Campus of Guaratinguetá - FEG, Av. Ariberto P. da Cunha, 333 - Guaratinguetá, SP, CEP 12510410, Brazil;2. Federal University of Itajubá – UNIFEI, Mechanical Engineering Institute – IEM, Av BPS, 1303 - Itajubá, MG, CEP 37500903, Brazil;1. School of Safety Science & Engineering, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China;2. Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Prevention and Control of Coal Fire, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd, Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China;3. Shaanxi Engineering Research Center for Industrial Process Safety & Emergency Rescue, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China;4. Postdoctoral Program, Xi’an University of Science and Technology, 58, Yanta Mid. Rd., Xi’an, 710054, Shaanxi, PR China |
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| Abstract: | This paper reports the results of flammability studies for methane, propane, hydrogen, and deuterium gases in air conducted by the Pittsburgh Research Laboratory. Knowledge of the explosion hazards of these gases is important to the coal mining industry and to other industries that produce or use flammable gases. The experimental research was conducted in 20 L and 120 L closed explosion chambers under both quiescent and turbulent conditions, using both electric spark and pyrotechnic ignition sources. The data reported here generally confirm the data of previous investigators, but they are more comprehensive than those reported previously. The results illustrate the complications associated with buoyancy, turbulence, selective diffusion, and ignitor strength versus chamber size. Although the lower flammable limits (LFLs) are well defined for methane (CH4) and propane (C3H8), the LFLs for hydrogen (H2) and its heavier isotope deuterium (D2) are much more dependent on the limit criterion chosen. A similar behavior is observed for the upper flammable limit of propane. The data presented include lower and upper flammable limits, maximum pressures, and maximum rates of pressure rise. The rates of pressure rise, even when normalized by the cube root of the chamber volume (V1/3), are shown to be sensitive to chamber size. |
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