Estimation of safety distances in the vicinity of fuel gas pipelines |
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| Institution: | 1. China National Institute of Standardization, Beijing, 100191, China;2. School of Resources and Safety Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology, Beijing, 100083, China;3. School of Information Technology, People’s Public Security University of China, Beijing, 100038, China;4. Institute for Public Safety Research, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China;1. Dipartimento di Ingegneria Chimica, Materiali e Ambiente, “Sapienza” Università di Roma, via Eudossiana 18, 00184 Roma, Italy;2. Centre for Technological Risk Studies (CERTEC), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya – BarcelonaTech (UPC), Diagonal 647, 08028 Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;1. Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA;2. Department of Mechanical Engineering and Department of Engineering and Public Policy, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA;3. Department of Social and Decision Sciences, Carnegie Mellon University, 5000 Forbes Avenue, Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15213, USA;4. Dipartimento di Scienze Economiche, Aziendali e Statistiche, Università degli Studi di Palermo, Viale delle Scienze, Edificio 13, I-90128 Palermo, Italy;1. University of Ljubljana, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Aškerčeva 6, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;2. Plinovodi d.o.o., Cesta Ljubljanske brigade 11b, 1000 Ljubljana, Slovenia;1. China University of Petroleum, Qingdao, China 266580, China;2. Wuhan University, Wuhan, China 430072, China;1. China Academy of Safety Science and Technology, Key Laboratory of Major Hazard control and Accident Emergency Technology, State Administration of Work Safety, Beijing, 100012, China;2. State Administration of Work Safety, Beijing 100713, China |
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| Abstract: | In this paper, safety distances around pipelines transmitting liquefied petroleum gas and pressurized natural gas are determined considering the possible outcomes of an accidental event associated with fuel gas release from pressurized transmission systems. Possible outcomes of an accidental fuel gas release were determined by performing the Event Tree Analysis approach. Safety distances were computed for two pipeline transmission systems of pressurized natural gas and liquefied petroleum gas existing in Greece using real data given by Greek Refineries and the Greek Public Gas Enterprise. The software packages chetah and breeze were used for thermochemical mixture properties estimation and quantitative consequence assessment, respectively. Safety distance determination was performed considering jet fire and gas dispersion to the lower flammable limit as the worst-case scenarios corresponding to immediate and delayed cloud ignition. The results showed that the jet fire scenario should be considered as the limiter for safety distances determination in the vicinity of natural and petroleum gas pipelines. Based on this conclusion, the obtained results were further treated to yield functional diagrams for prompt safety distance estimation. In addition, qualitative conclusions were made regarding the effect of atmospheric conditions on possible events. Thus, wind velocity was found to dominate during a jet fire event suppressing the thermal radiation effect, whereas gas dispersion was found to be affected mainly by solar radiation that favors the faster dissolution of fuel gas below the lower flammable limit. |
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