Analysis of crater formation in buried NG pipelines: A survey based on past accidents and evaluation of domino effect |
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| Institution: | 1. Centre for Technological Risk Studies (CERTEC), Barcelona East School of Engineering (EEBE), Universitat Politècnica de Catalunya, BarcelonaTech (UPC), Eduard Maristany 10-14, 08019, Barcelona, Catalonia, Spain;2. Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de Los Andes, Carrera 1 No. 18A-10, Bogotá, Colombia;1. Australian Maritime College, University of Tasmania, 1 Maritime Way, 7250, Launceston, TAS, Australia;2. Nikola Vaptsarov Naval Academy, 73 V. Drumev Str., 9026, Varna, Bulgaria;3. School of Automation, Beijing Institute of Technology, No.5 Zhongguancun South Street, Haidian District, Beijing, 100081, China;4. Tokyo Institute of Technology, Yokohama, 226-8502, Japan;5. Department of Medical Biochemistry, Semmelweis University, 1085, Budapest, Üll?i út 26, Hungary;1. School of Chemical and Process Engineering, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;2. School of Mathematics, University of Leeds, Leeds LS2 9JT, UK;1. Grupo de Diseño de Productos y Procesos (GDPP), Department of Chemical Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia;2. School of Management, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia;3. Centro para la Optimización y Probabilidad Aplicada (COPA), Department of Industrial Engineering, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, Colombia;1. Université de Lorraine, Reaction and Chemical Engineering Laboratory (LRGP), Nancy, 54000, France;2. CNRS, Reaction and Chemical Engineering Laboratory (LRGP), Nancy, 54000, France;3. Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad de los Andes, Bogotá, 111711, Colombia |
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| Abstract: | The formation of a crater by the abrupt and catastrophic rupture of a high-pressure pipeline can be highly relevant, especially when the crater uncovers other pipelines, which could undergo a domino effect with a significant increase of the consequences on people or on the environment. However, this scenario has been only partially studied in the literature. To assess the influence of the pipeline parameters on the dimensions of the resulting crater, a statistical analysis of accidental ruptures of buried natural gas pipelines that have involved the formation of a crater was carried out. Mathematical expressions are proposed to describe the proportionality relationships found, which can be very useful to support adequate separation distances in the design and construction of parallel corridors of pipelines after appropriate escalating effects are considered. Finally, detailed event trees were developed to calculate the probability of occurrence of the final outcomes, as well as the identified domino sequences, based on a qualitative and quantitative analysis of the data. The study of these accident scenarios, based on actual cases, represents a useful and needed advance in risk analysis of natural gas transportation through pipelines. |
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| Keywords: | Natural gas Buried pipeline Pipeline rupture Crater formation Domino effect |
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