Ignition temperatures of dust layers and bulk storages in hot environments |
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| Institution: | 1. Direction Régionale des Risques Professionnels de la Caisse Régionale d’Assurance Maladie d’Ile-de-France, 17-19 avenue de Flandre, 75019, Paris, France;2. Laboratoire Réactions et Génie de Procédés, UMR 7274, Université de Lorraine – CNRS, Nancy, F-54001, France;3. INERIS, Parc Alata, 60550, Verneuil-en-Halatte, France;1. Guangzhou Key Laboratory of Environmental Catalysis and Pollution Control, School of Environmental Science and Engineering, Institute of Environmental Health and Pollution Control, Guangdong University of Technology, Guangzhou 510006, China;2. Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Fire Science and Technology, School of Intelligent Systems Engineering, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou 510006, China;3. School of Civil, Mining and Environmental Engineering, University of Wollongong, Wollongong 2522, Australia;1. Mechanical Engineering Imperial College London, SW7 2AZ, UK;2. Department of Fire Safety and HSE Engineering, Western Norway University of Applied Sciences, Haugesund, Norway;1. Xi’an University of Science and Technology (XUST), Xi''an, Shaanxi Province, 710054, PR China;2. Inner Mongolia Metal Material Research Institute, Baotou, Inner Mongolia Autonomous Region, 014010, PR China |
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| Abstract: | In many industrial installations, particulate solids (cereals, agri-food products, coal, plants, etc.) are stored or processed. Self-heating of these products, which can lead to fires and explosions, can occur in a variety of situations. Examples include large storage at room temperature, formation of a layer on a hot surface, layer deposited on a surface – insulating or conductive – in a hot environment or even storage of product exposed to heating on one side.The main parameters that determine the occurrence of self-heating are the size of the container, the temperature, the residence time and the characteristics of the product. Depending on the type of situation encountered and these implementation conditions, the analysis of self-heating risks must be based on specific models and/or parameters.This paper presents the different variants and combinations of the theoretical model from the theory of thermal runaway to represent self-heating, taking into account in particular the symmetry or asymmetry of heating, reagent consumption and boundary conditions. It also discusses their adaptation to the previous identified industrial situations.Nine products were chosen to be representative of those used in the different considered industrial situations. They were subjected to self-heating basket tests in isothermal ovens in order to determine the parameters for applying the described theoretical models. These results were compared with the results of self-heating tests in layers of different thicknesses in a hot environment, on an insulating or conductive plate, using a specially developed test protocol, as well as with the results of standardized tests of minimum ignition temperature in 5 mm layers.This led to the proposal of the most appropriate theoretical model to represent the self-heating phenomenon for each of the four identified industrial situations.This analysis can promote better design of industrial equipment and production conditions (temperatures, volumes or product flows …) in order to prevent fires and explosions. |
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| Keywords: | Dust layer Bulk material storage Powder Auto-ignition Self-heating Thermal explosion |
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