公路隧道火灾发生位置与人群疏散通道仿真研究

利用EXODUS建立隧道的仿真场景，确定疏散人群仿真参数，并将出口工效OPS作为评价疏散效率的指标，分析不同火灾发生位置对疏散时间的影响。采用K-means算法分别对火灾发生位置和人群疏散通道位置进行聚类，并建立基于两者影响下的出口工效模型，通过对该模型求偏导，得出隧道火灾发生位置和人群疏散通道选择之间的关系。研究结果表明:火灾发生位置越接近人行横通道，疏散时间波动越大，人行横通道和隧道入口的疏散时间随人群疏散区域分界线变化，当火灾发生距人行横通道20~110 m时，变化明显，当距140~350 m时，变化平稳；出口工效OPS总体呈现不稳定的阶梯状变化趋势；火灾发生位置和人群疏散通道的最优位置呈线性递减关系。研究结果可应用于隧道应急指挥中心管理人员制定有效疏散路径和采取诱导分流人群措施。

Simulation study on fire location and crowd evacuation route in highway tunnel

The simulation scene of tunnel was established by using EXODUS,then the simulation parameters of evacuation crowd were determined,and the influence of different fire locations on the evacuation time was analyzed through taking the exit performance OPS as the evaluation index of evacuation efficiency.The clustering of fire location and crowd evacuation route location was carried out respectively by using the K-means algorithm,and the model of exit performance based on the influence of both was established,then the relationship between the location of tunnel fire and the selection of crowd evacuation route was obtained through sloving the partial derivative of the model.The results showed that the closer the fire location to the pedestrian crossing,the larger the fluctuation of evacuation time.The evacuation time of pedestrian crossing and tunnel entrance changed with the boundary line of crowd evacuation area,and when the fire occurred with 20 to 110 m from the pedestrian crossing,the change was obvious,while when the distance was 140 to 350 m,the change was stable.The overall change trend of exit performance OPS was in the unstable ladder form.There was a linear decreasing relationship between the fire location and the optimal location of crowd evacuation route.The results can be used for the management personnel in the emergency command center of tunnel to formulate the effective evacuation path and adopt the crowd induction shunt measures.