连体宿舍楼火灾模拟与安全疏散研究

为提高复杂连体宿舍楼的火灾应急疏散效率,以某高层连体复杂宿舍楼为例,运用Pyro Sim对该复杂连体宿舍楼发生火灾时的烟气蔓延特性以及不同楼体之间的相互影响进行模拟,运用Pathfinder对该宿舍楼的人员疏散进行仿真模拟。火灾模拟结果表明:连体宿舍楼中,连廊对整栋楼的安全至关重要,建议加强对连廊的消防管理。疏散模拟结果表明:中间连廊保持正常通行可以有效提高疏散效率;连体复杂宿舍楼不适合男女混住,应该根据建筑物结构合理安排居住人员;增加2～3层连廊,并设置可移动式外挂楼梯,同时确保发生紧急事故时应急疏散指导人员正确快速地引导人员进行疏散,可以有效提高疏散效率。研究方法和结果可为复杂连体宿舍楼的消防措施、建筑设计以及宿舍楼应急管理提供参考和借鉴。

Study on fire simulation and safety evacuation of connected dormitory buildings

In order to improve the efficiency of emergency evacuation during the fire in complex connected dormitory buildings, taking a high rise complex connected dormitory building as an example, the characteristics of smoke spread and the interaction between different buildings in the fire of the complex connected dormitory building were simulated by using PyroSim, and the simulation of personnel evacuation was carried out by using Pathfinder. The results of fire simulation showed that the connecting corridors in the connected dormitory building were very important to the safety of the whole building, and it was recommended to strengthen the fire management of the connecting corridors. The results of evacuation simulation showed that the evacuation efficiency could be improved effectively by keeping the normal passage of the middle corridors. The complex connected dormitory building was not suitable for the coed accommodation, and the occupants should be properly arranged according to the structure of the building. The evacuation efficiency could also be improved effectively through adding the connecting corridors in the 2nd and 3rd floors, setting up the movable external staircase, and ensuring that the emergency evacuation guidance personnel can properly and quickly guide the occupants to evacuate during an emergency. The research method and results can provide the reference to the fire protection measures, architectural design and emergency management of the complex connected dormitory buildings.