跨区域应急协作视角下化工园区空间布局的失衡与应对策略分析

随着工业化进程加快，我国化工园区呈现出数量逐年递增且集中分布的态势，增加了跨区域重大突发事件的风险，如何实现跨区域的应急协作成为化工园区安全规划所面临的重点与难点问题之一。基于此，搜集近15 a全国化工园区的安全事故，采用自组织特征映射神经网络分类方法与多元回归模型研究全国范围内化工园区安全事故的空间分布规律及影响因素，进而从风险分布与应急协作需求的匹配性角度讨论我国现有应急协作机制存在的潜在问题。研究结果表明:我国化工园区整体空间布局呈现出以区域优势为导向的趋势，其选址大多忽略了化工园区集中区域的高风险与应急能力不足的问题，这种布局的失衡使得政府无法形成高效的跨区域应急协作体制；化工园区数量上的增加并非是导致危机事故的主要原因，强调了化工园区自身特征与危机事故严重程度的相关性，区域间应急联动协作在化工园区危机应对过程中的重要作用；最后，从空间布局、跨区域协作角度提出化工园区区域应急协作的相应政策建议。

Analysis on unbalance and countermeasures of spatial layout for chemical industry parks from perspective of cross region emergency cooperation

With the acceleration of industrialization process, the number of chemical industry parks in China has been increasing during past years, and the concentrated distribution further amplified the risk of serious emergencies across regions, so how to realize the cross region emergency cooperation has become a key and difficult problem in the safety planning of chemical industry parks. Therefore, the safety accidents of chemical industry parks in China during the past 15 years were collected, then the spatial distribution and influencing factors of safety accidents in the nationwide chemical industry parks were studied by using the self organizing feature map (SOFM) classification method and the multiple regression model. The potential problems of the current emergency cooperation mechanism in China were discussed from the perspective of matching between the risk distribution and the emergency cooperation demand. The results showed that the overall spatial layout of chemical industry parks in China presented the trend of orienting towards regional advantages, and the site selection mostly ignored the problems of high risk and insufficient emergency capacity in the concentrated areas of chemical industry parks, so the unbalance of layout made it impossible for government to form an efficient cross region emergency cooperation system. The increasing number of chemical industry parks was not the main cause of the crisis accidents, and it emphasized the correlation between the characteristics of chemical park itself and the severity of crisis accidents. The important role of emergency coordinated cooperation among the regions in the process of crisis response was emphasized. Finally, the corresponding policy suggestions of cross region emergency cooperation for the chemical industry parks were put forward from the perspective of spatial layout and cross region cooperation.