考虑儿童运动特性的小学教学楼楼梯间人员疏散研究

为研究小学教学楼楼梯间人员运动行为以及影响人员疏散的因素，开展人员疏散实验并构建疏散模拟场景。基于疏散实验研究不同实验场景的出口流量和人员运动速度，通过疏散仿真模拟，分析不同人员运动速度、人员数量及疏散策略对疏散的影响。结果表明:排队下楼的人员运动速度比紧急疏散人员低22.7%，自由上楼人员运动速度比排队上楼人员高8%；人员总疏散时间随人员运动速度的增加而降低，但总疏散时间随速度增加而降低的幅度变小；加入分层疏散策略会增加人群疏散总时间，但整个疏散过程人员分布均匀，在建筑瓶颈不易产生人员过度拥挤现象，因而在疏散过程中应适当采用分层疏散策略。

Research on pedestrian evacuation at staircase in teaching building of primary school considering movement characteristics of children

In order to study the behavior of pedestrian movement and the factors influencing the pedestrian evacuation at the staircase in the teaching building of primary school,the experiments of pedestrian evacuation were carried out,and the simulated scenes of evacuation were constructed.The exit flow and movement speed of pedestrian under different experimental scenes were studied based on the evacuation experiments,and the influence of different movement speeds of pedestrian,numbers of pedestrian and evacuation strategies on the evacuation was analyzed through the evacuation simulation.The results showed that the movement speed of pedestrian with queuing downstairs was 22.7% lower than that of emergency evacuation pedestrian,while the movement speed of pedestrian with free upstairs was 8% higher than that of pedestrian with queuing downstairs.The total evacuation time of pedestrian decreased with the increase of pedestrian movement speed,but the decrease amplitude of total evacuation time with the increase of pedestrian movement speed reduced.The adding of layered evacuation strategy would increase the total evacuation time of crowd,but the pedestrian distributed evenly during the whole evacuation process,and the overcrowding phenomenon was not easy to occur in the bottleneck of the building.Therefore,the layered evacuation strategy should be appropriately adopted in the evacuation process.