煤矿用多级过滤防尘面罩的设计及试验研究*

为解决传统防尘面罩容尘量低、在高浓度粉尘环境有效使用时间短的问题，提出1种基于轻质微球的多级过滤防尘面罩。该防尘面罩第1级采用轻质微球，不仅能够提高面罩的孔隙率、增加容尘量，而且能够实现及时清灰和水洗的功能；第2级采用高精度纤维滤膜，保障吸入空气的质量。采用3D打印对多级防尘面罩进行结构设计，并在煤矿井下进行现场试验。试验结果表明:1级轻质微球能够阻挡煤尘中93%以上的粉尘；轻质微球的过滤效率随着使用时间的增长而不断增加；轻质微球的过滤效率与巷道内风速有关，风速越大过滤效率越低，但过滤效率均保持在93%以上。研究结果表明:基于轻质微球的多级防尘面罩可有效减少传统纤维滤膜的负荷，从而延长口罩滤膜在煤矿井下高浓度环境的有效使用时间。

Design and experiment research of anti-dust mask with multi-stage filtration for coal mine

In order to solve the problems of low dust capacity and short effective using time in high concentration dust environment of traditional fiber anti-dust mask,an anti-dust mask with multi-stage filtration based on lightweight microspheres was proposed.The first stage of the anti-dust mask adopted the lightweight microspheres,which could not only improve the porosity of mask and increase the dust capacity,but also realize the functions of timely dust cleaning and water washing.The second stage adopted the high-precision fiber filter material to ensure the quality of inhalational air.The structure of multi-stage anti-dust mask was designed by 3D printing,and the field test was carried out in underground coal mine.The results showed that the first stage lightweight microspheres could block more than 93% of the dust in coal dust.The filtration efficiency of lightweight microspheres increased with the increase of using time.The filtration efficiency of lightweight microspheres was related to the wind speed in the roadway,the greater the wind speed,the lower the filtration efficiency,but all the filtration efficiencies remained above 93 %.It showed that the anti-dust mask with multi-stage filtration based on lightweight microspheres could effectively reduce the load capacity of traditional fiber filter material,so as to extend the effective using time of the mask filter membrane in high concentration environment of underground coal mine.