仓面浇筑立体空间冲突致灾过程建模与伤害评价*

为定量评价大坝浇筑过程空间冲突致灾事故后果，通过对缆机运输典型情景进行危害能量运动分解，确定在水平和竖直方向运动方式，阐述危害能量在流动路径相互转化形式；根据能量守恒定律，分析危害能量在吊罐与承灾体碰撞接触之间转移规律，将吊罐与人头部接触过程抽象为带强阻尼的弹簧振子系统，建立危害能量与碰撞冲量相等的动量方程，量化空间冲突致灾后果。结果表明:吊罐坠落危害能量极大，产生的碰撞冲击力与吊罐的运输速度、高度呈正相关，与阻力系数呈负相关，风速、载重对其影响较大。对比2种不同碰撞情景发现，机械碰撞因顶部承载力缓冲，对人头部产生伤害远小于直接碰撞，并对碰撞结果分级评价，研究结果可为大坝浇筑交叉作业空间冲突致灾风险评价提供参考。

Modeling and damage evaluation of disaster-causing process in three-dimensional spatial conflict of warehouse surface pouring

To quantitatively evaluate the consequence of accidents caused by spatial conflict during the dam construction,the hazardous energy movement decomposition on the typical scenarios of cable crane transportation was carried out to determine the movement modes in the horizontal and vertical directions,and explain the mutual transformation forms of hazardous energy on the flow path.According to the law of energy conservation,the transfer laws of hazardous energy between the bucket and the hazard-bearing body were analyzed.The contact process between the bucket and the human head was abstracted as a spring oscillator system with strong damping to establish the momentum equation with the equal hazardous energy and collision impulse,then the disaster-causing consequence of spatial conflict was quantified.The empirical evidence showed that the hazardous energy of the suspended bucket was extremely great,and the generated collision impact force was positively related to the transportation speed and height of bucket,while negatively related to the resistance coefficient,and the wind speed and the load had greater influence on it.Comparing two different collision scenarios,it was obtained that due to the cushioning of top bearing capacity in the mechanical collision,the damage to the human head was much less than that of direct collision,and the classification and evaluation of collision results were conducted,which provides a certain reference for the risk assessment on the spatial conflict disaster-causing in the cross operation of dam pouring.