基于无人机建模的尾矿库溃坝事故推演*

为诠释尾矿库溃坝后水砂演进过程，提升尾矿库事故灾害应急处置能力，采用无人机倾斜摄影技术获取尾矿库全息影像，建立尾矿库三维数字高程模型，导入三维流体计算软件对尾矿库进行溃坝事故推演。结果表明:尾矿库实景三维模型能高精度还原尾矿库实际情况，尾矿库溃坝将淹没库区临时厂房建筑及下游村落；其中，上游沟谷临时厂房建筑水位高程最大达8 m，尾砂淤积厚度最高达10.5 m，下游沟谷村落水位高程最大达10 m，尾砂淤积厚度最高达2.5 m；通过对库区下游布设监测点，得出各监测点处水位高程和尾砂淤积厚度变化规律，分析溃坝主要影响区域。研究结果可为尾矿库风险防控、应急响应工作提供借鉴。

Deduction of tailings dam break accident based on UAV modeling

In order to interpret the evolution process of tailings and debris flow after the dam break of tailings pond,and to improve the emergency response capacity of tailings pond accidents,the holographic image of tailings pond was obtained by using the UAV tilt photography technology,and the three-dimensional digital elevation model of tailings pond was established and imported into the three-dimensional fluid calculation software,Then the deduction on the dam break accident of tailings pond was conducted.The results showed that the real three-dimensional model of tailings pond obtained by the modeling method based on UAV aerial survey could restore the actual situation of tailings pond with high accuracy,and the dam break of tailing pond would inundate the temporary factory buildings and downstream villages in the pond area.The maximum water level elevation of the temporary factory buildings in upstream valley was 8 m,and the maximum thickness of tailing deposition was 10.5 m,while the maximum water level elevation of downstream valley villages was 10 m,and the maximum thickness of tailing deposition was 2.5 m.By arranging monitoring points in the downstream of the pond area,the variation rules of water level elevation and tailings deposition thickness at each monitoring point were obtained,and the main impact areas of dam break were analyzed,which are of reference significance for the risk prevention and control and emergency response of the tailing pond.