液体推进剂职业中毒风险评价及防护对策研究

本文以某发射场为例,通过主要危险源辨识、作业单元划分、现场调查和监测统计,利用风险指数评估法对液体推进剂职业中毒风险进行量化评价,结果表明:液体推进剂作业存在极度和高度职业中毒风险,发射场液体推进剂作业职业中度风险主要来源于液体推进剂及氮气;液体推进剂设备维修、应急救援及进罐作业存在极度职业中毒风险,转注/加注、取样为高度风险,化验及"三废"处理属于中度风险。根据评价结果并借鉴以往事故经验教训,指出职业中毒伤害与工程控制、个体防护措施和安全意识密切相关,不使用或不能正确使用呼吸防护装备是引发职业中毒的主要原因,并提出针对性的防护措施建议。

Study on risk assessment and protective solutions for occupational poisoning of liquid propellant

A space launching site was exampled in this paper to quantitatively assess the risk of propellant occupa- tional poisoning by the risk index method according to the identification of the hazard source, the partition of all op- erating units, the field survey and the monitoring statistics. The resu｜t showed that the extremely and highly risks of occupational poisoning exit in the liquid propellant manipulation. The mainly risks of occupational poisoning in the liquid propellant manipulation at the space launching site come from propellant and nitrogen gas. The maintenance of propellant equipment, the emergency rescue and the entrance of reserve tank have extremely occupational poison- ing risk. The filling/transit-fueling and sampling have highly risk. The chemical analysis operation and the three wastes （waste gas, waste water, industrial residue） treatment have moderate risk. On the basis of the assessment result and the former accident experience, engineering control, individual protective provision, and safety con- sciousness were proved to tied up. The main reason causing occupational poisoning was not using or not correctly u- sing breathing protective equipment, and the pertinently protective provision was also proposed in this paper.