燃煤发电职业危害暴露健康负担评价方法*

为评估煤电行业从业人员因遭受职业危害暴露引起的健康负担大小，根据工作暴露矩阵法对燃煤发电职业暴露程度进行估算，利用健康效应分析和伤残调整寿命年指标构建燃煤发电职业暴露健康负担评价体系，实现职业暴露健康负担的量化评价。将所构建的评价体系应用于3个燃煤电厂进行对比分析，结果表明:各类危害因素中，粉尘所致健康危害最大，人均健康负担约为8.861 a；各生产环节中，运输煤系统所致健康影响最大，约占整个生产过程的45.53%。

Method of health burden assessment on occupational hazard exposure in coal-fired power generation

In order to assess the health burden of staff caused by the occupational hazard exposure in the coal-fired power generation industry,the occupational exposure degree of coal-fired power generation was estimated according to the job-exposure matrix (JEM) method,and an occupational health burden assessment system of coal-fired power generation was constructed through the health effect analysis and the index of disability adjusted life year (DALY),thus the quantitative assessment of occupational exposure health burden was realized.The assessment system was applied to three coal-fired power plants for the comparative analysis,and the results showed that among various hazard factors,the health hazard caused by the dust was the largest,and the health burden per capita was about 8.861 a.Among various production links,the health effect caused by the coal transportation system was the highest,accounting for about 45.53% of the whole production process.