工作场所职业工效相关因素及其管理初探

为了探讨工作场所职业工效管理的基本策略和方法，在概述职业工效相关因素类别、相互关联及评价方法等基础上，提出基于职业病危害防治要求、风险管理理念和管理体系建设模式的职业工效不良因素干预管理的初步策略及实施要点。研究结果表明:工作场所职业工效相关因素包括个体特征、工艺设备及其布局、工作系统设计、作业环境、作业管理和社会心理因素等，不同因素间存在直接或间接的相互影响，并最终影响到微观层面劳动者职业活动的工效特点及宏观层面工作场所整体的职业工效特征；实施有效的职业工效管理，在于科学辨识、评估不良职业工效因素的基础上，进一步在职业病危害预防控制的不同阶段采取合理可行的管理方法进行干预，并持续改进。

Exploration on related factors and their management of occupational ergonomics at workplaces

To discuss the basic strategies and methods of occupational ergonomics management at the workplaces, on the basis of summarizing the types, correlation and evaluation methods of the related factors of occupational ergonomics, the preliminary strategies and implementation points for the intervention and management on the unfavorable factors of occupational ergonomics based on the requirements for the prevention and control of occupational hazards, the ideas of risk management and the construction modes of management system were put forward. The results showed that the related factors of occupational ergonomics at the workplaces include the individual characteristics, the process equipments and their layout, the design of working system, the working environment, the working management, the social psychological factors, etc. There exist direct or indirect interaction among different factors, which finally influence the ergonomics characteristics of occupational activities of workers at the micro level and the overall occupational ergonomics characteristics of the workplaces at the macro level. Implementing the effective occupational ergonomics management lies in adopting the reasonable and feasible managements methods to intervene and improve continuously at different stages of the prevention and control of occupational hazards based on the scientific identification and assessment on the unfavorable factors of occupational ergonomics.