高速公路碰撞能量衰减装置设计与力学性能分析

为有效降低高速公路上车辆与护栏碰撞事故，提高高速公路交通安全性，基于能量衰减装置变形过程中应具有恒定承载力、稳定的破坏模式等性能要求，设计了一种八边薄壁型能量衰减装置。理论分析推导出能量衰减装置的峰值载荷公式，数值模拟研究了装置的力学性能及其影响因素。研究结果表明:能量衰减装置具有恒定承载力、稳定的变形破坏模式和载荷波动性，其几何参数对冲程效率和载荷波动系数性能指标无影响；能量衰减装置的压溃峰值载荷、能量吸能和平均压溃载荷指标随长度和壁厚的减小而减小，压溃峰值载荷、平均压溃载荷指标随边长增加而减小。

Design of collision energy attenuation device and analysis of mechanical performance for expressway

In order to effectively reduce the collision accidents between vehicles and guardrails on the expressway, and improve the traffic safety of expressway, an energy attenuation device with eight sided thin wall was designed based on the performance requirements of constant bearing capacity, stable failure mode and others in the deformation process of energy attenuation device. The peak load formula of the energy attenuation device was derived by the theoretical analysis method, and the mechanical properties of the device and its influencing factors were studied by the numerical simulation method. The results showed that the energy attenuation device had the constant bearing capacity, very stable deformation failure mode and load fluctuation, and its geometric parameters had no influence on the performance indexes of stroke efficiency and load fluctuation coefficient. The crushing peak load, energy absorption and average crushing load of the energy attenuation device decreased with the decrease of length and wall thickness, while the crushing peak load and average crushing load decreased with the increase of side length.