老年人照料设施中失能老人疏散策略研究*

为探究高效安全的老年人照料设施中失能老人疏散策略，通过构建失能老人全部疏散模式、佩戴防毒面具的就地保护模式和混合疏散模式下护理人员的行为模型，以河南平顶山“5.25”特别重大火灾事故为背景，运用Pathfinder2018软件模拟佩戴防毒面具的就地保护模式下防毒面具集中存放和独立存放方式对疏散效果影响，分析防毒面具独立存放条件下混合疏散模式的疏散效果。结果表明:防毒面具独立存放方式较集中存放方式用时减少86.8 s，减少了38.8%；护理人员辅助救助时间与运动时间、疏散距离、救护老人人数和救助房间数有关，集中存放方式下救助房间数影响较大，独立存放方式下救助房间数对辅助救护时间影响不明显；防毒面具独立存放方式下混合疏散模式与佩戴防毒面具的就地保护模式相比，火灾直接威胁区内失能老人疏散时间减少19.775 s，减少了16.6%，疏散效率高，实效性强。研究结果对医疗机构和托幼机构人员疏散具有一定的借鉴意义。

Study on evacuation strategies of disabled elderly in elderly care facilities

In order to explore the efficient and safe evacuation strategies of disabled elderly in the elderly care facilities,the behavior model of nursing staff under the full evacuation mode of disabled elderly,the in situ protection mode of wearing gas masks and the mixed evacuation mode were constructed.Taking the Pingdingshan “5.25” extraordinarily serious fire accident in Henan as the background,the impact of centralized and independent storage modes of gas masks on the evacuation effect under the in situ protection mode of wearing gas masks was simulated by using Pathfinder 2018,as well as the evacuation effect of mixed evacuation mode under the independent storage mode of gas masks.The results showed that the evacuation time under the independent storage mode of gas masks reduced by 86.8 s than that under the centralized storage mode,with the percentage of 38.8%.The assisted rescue time of nursing staff was related to the movement time,evacuation distance,number of elderly to be rescued and number of rescue rooms,and the influence of number of rescue rooms was large under the centralized storage mode,while the influence of number of rescue rooms on the assisted rescue time was not obvious under the independent storage mode.When comparing the mixed evacuation mode with the in situ protection mode of wearing gas masks under the independent storage mode of gas masks,the evacuation time of disabled elderly in the area directly threatened by the fire reduced by 19.775 s and 16.6%,with high efficiency and strong effectiveness.The results also have certain reference significance for the personnel evacuation in the medical institutions and kindergartens.