考虑环境熟悉度与引导的人员疏散元胞自动机模型研究*

为研究环境熟悉度及引导作用对行人疏散影响，建立考虑环境熟悉度及引导作用的行人疏散元胞自动机模型。模型引入环境熟悉度参数，将行人分为熟悉环境行人与不熟悉环境行人，不同的行人具备不同的运动方式；基于引导标志的有向引导作用构建引导场，使行人能跟随引导移动；以某超市为例，研究其环境熟悉度、引导作用及引导有效性对行人疏散的影响。结果表明:行人疏散时间随着环境熟悉度的增加而减少；在相同的环境熟悉度下，不熟悉环境行人选择跟随引导移动相比于随机移动及跟随行人移动疏散效率更高；环境熟悉度较低时，行人疏散时间随引导有效性提高呈现先减少后增加的趋势。

Study on cellular automata model of pedestrian evacuation considering environmental familiarity and guidance

A cellular automata model of pedestrian evacuation considering the environmental familiarity and guidance was established to study the influence of environmental familiarity and guidance effect on the pedestrian evacuation.By introducing into the parameter of environmental familiarity,the pedestrians were divided into the environment familiar pedestrians and the environment unfamiliar pedestrians,and different pedestrians had different movement modes.The guidance field was constructed based on the directional guidance effect of guidance signs,which enabled the pedestrians to move following the guidance.Taking a supermarket as an example,the influence of environmental familiarity,guidance effect and guidance effectiveness on the pedestrian evacuation were studied.The results showed that the evacuation time of pedestrians decreased with the increase of environmental familiarity.Under the same environmental familiarity,the environment unfamiliar pedestrians had higher evacuation efficiency when selecting to move following the guidance than those with random movement and with movement following pedestrians.In the case of low environmental familiarity,the pedestrian evacuation time decreased first and then increased with the improvement of guidance effectiveness.