基于行为主义的建筑施工企业安全教育实验研究

结合行为主义反应性制约取向理论对建筑施工企业安全教育进行探讨, 建立企业安全教育刺激-反应S-O-R单元链,以安全帽使用教育为例进行实验设计,通过实验分析得到视觉听觉双重刺激形式的安全教育更容易引起人的安全行为反应，且行为保持性最佳；单纯视觉、听觉刺激形式的安全教育对人的安全行为反应作用基本一致，但采用听觉刺激安全教育产生的安全行为保持性较差，在第7个工作日后逐渐恢复到空白实验阶段。同时通过心理问卷调查，分析实验过程中人员心理变化与工作年限等因素对人员安全意识的影响，得到工作年限为1~2年的人员安全意识较低，过强的刺激将导致人员的过度恐惧反而使安全意识降低。最后，对企业现行安全教育方式提出几点改进措施，包括:正视安全教育刺激的重要性、保持性以及针对性；充分认识企业安全文化环境对安全教育的影响。

Experimental research on safety education of construction enterprises based on behaviorism psychology

The S-O-R unit chain of safety education was proposed by the discussion on the safety education of building construction enterprises based on the theory of respondent conditioning orientation in behaviorism psychology. Taking the experimental design of safety education on using helmets as an example, through experimental analysis, it showed that the safety education by the form of both visual and auditory stimulation is more easily to cause the safety behavior response of human, and the behavior preservation is the best. The safety behavior response of human through safety education by the form of single visual or auditory stimulation is almost the same, but the behavior preservation by auditory stimulation is worse, which gradually recovers to the blank experiment stage after the 7th working day. At the same time, through psychological questionnaire, the influence of psychological change and working life factors to the human safety awareness during the experimental process were analyzed. It showed that the people who have worked for 1-2 years have lower safety awareness. And the too strong stimulation will lead to the excessive fear of human and reduce the safety awareness. Finally, some improvement measures on existing safety education methods were proposed, such as confronting the importance, continuity and pertinency of safety education stimulation, and sufficiently considering the impact of safety culture environment on safety education of enterprise.