我国石棉开采和加工企业粉尘危害研究

石棉纤维对人体健康有不良影响,可致肺纤维化、肺癌、胸膜间皮瘤、胸膜斑等。目前世界上多数国家特别是发达国家都倾向于逐渐削减石棉的使用量以至禁止使用,而我国是石棉生产和使用大国,因此研究我国石棉粉尘危害情况对促进我国经济发展和预防职业病的发生具有重要意义。本文在对全国重点企业重点行业石棉加工企业充分调研的基础上,对石棉粉尘的区域危害状况、行业危害状况和不同生产环节的危害状况进行对比分析,分析了目前我国石棉粉尘危害的地区分布特征、行业分布特征以及主要工艺环节分布特征,并指出了石棉粉尘危害比较严重的地区、行业和生产环节,分析了上述地区、行业、生产环节石棉粉尘危害情况严重的的主要原因,并初步探讨了石棉粉尘的防护措施。

Study on dust hazard of asbestos mining and processing enterprises in China

The asbestos fiber is harmful to one＇s health,which may result in pulmonary fibrosis,lung cancer,pleural endotheliomas or pleural plaque.At present,the majority countries in the world,particularly the developed countries,tend to gradually reduce the usage quantity of asbestos,and even be prohibited.While the asbestos has been widely produced and used in China.So study on the dust hazard status of asbestos in China is of great significance to promote the economic development and prevent the occurrence of occupational disease.In this paper,based on the sufficient investigation on asbestos processing enterprises among key enterprises and key industries in China,the territorial hazard status,the industry hazard status and the hazard status in different production links of asbestos dust were compared and analyzed.The distribution characteristics of asbestos dust hazard in region,industry and main technical procedures were analyzed,and the regions,industries and main technical procedures with more severe asbestos dust hazard were pointed out.The main reasons of severe asbestos dust hazard were analyzed,and the protection measures of asbestos dust were discussed.