事故经济损失分类及评估方法研究综述*

为系统了解事故的经济损失分类、评估方法以及发展方向，通过文献综述的方法，回顾事故经济损失的研究起源，总结主要的分类方法，归纳评估方法的主要特点，分析评估难点并展望未来可能的研究方向。研究结果表明:事故经济损失统计项目难以全部列出，须在其构成价值与评估所需努力之间相权衡；在事后全面准确评估经济损失仍是未来的研究重点，其有益于统计标准的制修订，而事前评估则是1个新兴的方向；很难选择合适的直间比来评估间接经济损失，未来需开发1种简单灵活的评估方法。研究结果可为未来事故经济损失分类和评估的研究应用提供理论和数据支撑。

Review on classification and assessment methods of accident economic costs

In order to systematically understand the classification,evaluation methods and development directions of accident economic costs,through the method of literature review,the research origin of accident economic costs was reviewed,and the main classification methods were summarized.The main characteristics of evaluation methods were summarized,then the difficulties in the evaluation were analyzed,and the possible directions of future research were prospected.The results showed that it was difficult to enumerate the statistical items of accident economic costs,and it was necessary to balance the constitution value with the effort required for the evaluation.The comprehensive and accurate evaluation of economic costs after the accident was still the focus of future research,which was beneficial to the formulation and revision of statistical standards,and the pre-evaluation was a new direction.It was difficult to choose a suitable ratio of direct economic costs to indirect economic costs to evaluate the indirect economic costs,and a simple and flexible evaluation method needed to be developed in the future.The results can provide theoretical and data support for future research and application of the classification and evaluation of accident economic costs.