火灾下建筑结构抗火性能和人员疏散研究

火灾下建筑结构抗火性能和人员疏散问题是建筑火灾科学的两个重要研究内容,尽管二者最为关注的目标都与时间有关,即结构耐火时间和疏散时间,但实际对这两个问题的研究基本上是独立进行的。首先对结构抗火性能和人员疏散的研究现状和存在的问题进行了梳理总结,从疏散范围和疏散时间两方面讨论了结构抗火性能和人员疏散之间需要满足的关系。基于此,提出了一种适合于性能化结构抗火设计新的极限状态——安全疏散极限状态,将结构抗火性能研究和人员安全疏散结合起来,进而利用时间变量建立极限状态方程,为性能化结构抗火设计提供了一种新的思路。最后,对未来需要解决的若干关键问题进行展望。

Study of Fire Resistance of Building Structures and Evacuation under Fire

Fire resistance of building structures and fire evacuation are two important research areas in building fire science. The targets of these two issues that were paid most attention to are fire resistance time and evacuation time, respectively, which are both related to time. However, the studies of these two issues are almost independent. In this article, the current research status and present issues of fire resistance of building structures and fire evacuation are summarized firstly. The relationship between fire resistance of structures and fire evacuation is discussed from two aspects, including evacuation scope and evacuation time. Based on the relationships, a new limit state for performance-based structural fire design, i.e. the limit state of safe evacuation, is proposed. The research on fire resistance of structures and safe evacuation can then be combined by this limit state. The limit state equation is further established using the time variable. A new idea for performance-based structural fire resistance design is provided. Finally, the key problems that need to be further investigated are presented.