地震灾区救援力量优化调配模型

从救援对象的确定、救援队伍的需求和救援力量的调配三个方面,较为全面的讨论了地震灾区如何根据灾害情况和救援资源的分布,科学合理地开展救援力量的优化调配,以达到快速营救受困人员的目的。根据受灾情况确定对救援队伍的实际需求是分配救援力量的前提,从对象的确定和需求经验关系的给出两方面,讨论了如何根据地震破坏和灾区实际情况确定灾区对救灾力量,尤其是专业救援队伍的具体需求。队伍的优化调配是运筹学中运输问题的求解,基于现有线性优化算法,在地理信息平台上,建立了队伍优化分配的模型和软件。采用汶川地震的实际数据进行了实例计算和分析,给出了今后在救灾过程中科学调配救援力量的可参考样本。

Optimized allocation model of rescue power in earthquake-stricken area

This paper systemically described how to allocate rescue forces in an earthquake disaster stricken area,including selecting the emergency rescue targets,analyzing the needs of rescue teams of certain unit and allocation of rescue teams,among which estimate the needs of rescue force is the precondition of the allocation analysis.Two methods were given in this paper to assess the need of rescue forces.One is to select the rescue target by its important level and the other is to calculate the needs based on empirical relationship developed from investigation of the Wenchuan earthquake.Allocating the rescue teams is the solution of the classical transportation problem.Herein,based on an open source model package and ArcGIS software,an analysis tool was developed to solve the team allocation problem.An example using the data obtained from Wenchuan earthquake was given to illustrate the optimal allocation of the rescue forces in the end.