山区公路强震灾害链影响与控制——以映卧公路为例

地震可以引发多种灾害链,尤其是强震。震区环境不同,引发的灾害链也不同。汶川特大地震发生后,映秀至卧龙公路两旁次生地质灾害尤为严重,先后多次中断震中交通生命线,严重影响公路的安全运行和灾后重建。由于山区公路环境具有特殊性,通过对震后映秀至卧龙公路边坡现场调查资料分析,山区公路强震灾害链主要可以分为公路自身系统及其灾害链和公路社会系统及其灾害链,并详细阐述了它们的形成过程和对山区公路环境的深刻影响。在此基础上,针对不同的链式影响提出了不同的灾害防治措施,以求达到断链的目的,将损失最小化。同时也为将来发生强震后山区公路的抢通与恢复重建提供一定的参考。

Effects and Their Control of Strong Earthquake Disaster Chains of Mountainous Highway ——A Case Study of the Highway from Yingxiu to Wolong

Earthquake can cause a variety of disaster chains,especially strong earthquakes.Different environments of earthquake region trigger different disaster chains.After the Wenchuan earthquake,there existed severe secondary geological disasters along the highway from Yingxiu to Wolong,and traffic had been snarled,which influenced the highway safe operation and reconstruction seriously.Due to the particularity of mountainous highway environment,through the field survey on the highway from Yingxiu to Wolong after the earthquake,strong earthquake disaster chains of Mountainous highway can be divided into two parts: the highway own system and its disaster chains and highway social system and its disaster chains.On this basis,the formation of disaster chains and their environmental impacts on the mountainous highway and surrounding environments are put forward.In view of the different chain influences,in order to achieve the purpose of broken chains and minimize the losses,different disaster prevention and control measures are given,which provides a certain reference for the rehabilitation of mountainous highway after the earthquake in the future.