有机固体废物生物法制氢的研究进展

综述了利用有机固体废物生物法制氢的原理和研究现状。城市有机固体废物、农业有机废物、工业有机废物是生物法制氢的主要原料。暗发酵制氢是利用有机废物厌氧消化的产酸阶段而产氢，pH、温度、水力停留时间、氢气分压、原料性质、微量元素含量、产甲烷微生物抑制剂等均影响氢气产率。光发酵制氢是利用光合厌氧细菌将挥发性有机酸转化为氢气和二氧化碳。暗发酵和光发酵制氢时，生物固定化有利于高速连续产氢。在有机废物处理和生物法制氢方面，暗发酵一光发酵、暗发酵一微生物燃料电池的组合工艺是具有前景的技术。今后的研究方向是原料的预处理技术、选育高效产氢菌株、发明高效反应器、优化处理工艺和处理条件等。

Research Progresses in Hydrogen Bioproduction from Organic Solid Wastes

The principles and status of hydrogen bioproduction from organic solid wastes are reviewed. Municipal, agricultural and industrial organic solid wastes are the main raw materials for hydrogen bioproduction. Hydrogen production in dark fermentation of organic solid wastes is fulfilled during the acidogenic phase of anaerobic digestion and the yield of hydrogen may be affected by many factors, such as pH, temperature, HRT, partial pressure of hydrogen, property of raw materials, content of rnicroelements and inhibitors of methanogens etc. Hydrogen production in photofermentation is to convert volatile organic acids into hydrogen and carbon dioxide by anaerobic photosynthetic bacteria. In both dark fermentation and photo-fermentation, the immobilization of bacteria is in favor of continuous hydrogen production with high rate. The processes of dark fermentation combined with photo-fermentation or microbial fuel cell are promising technologies for both organic solid waste treatment and hydrogen bioproduction. The directions for further research are pretreatment of raw materials, screening of high-efficiency hydrogen-producing strains, development of high-efficiency reactors and optimization of treatment process and conditions.