Exposure of Fish Larvae to Hydrocarbon Concentration Fields Generated by Subsurface Blowouts |
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| Institution: | 1. SINTEF Applied Chemistry, N-7465 Trondheim, Norway;2. Dalian Maritime University, No.1 Linhai Road, Dalian 116024, People''s Republic of China;1. ARC Centre of Excellence for Environmental Decisions, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, QLD, Australia;2. Borneo Futures, Brunei Darussalam;3. IUCN Oil Palm Task Force, Switzerland;4. Durrell Institute of Conservation and Ecology (DICE), University of Kent, Canterbury CT2 7NR, United Kingdom;5. Institute for Future Environments, Queensland University of Technology, Brisbane, Australia;6. Purwodadi Botanic Garden - Indonesian Institute of Sciences (LIPI), Jawa Timur, Indonesia;7. Norwegian Institute for Nature Research (NINA), Trondheim, Norway;8. Kinabatangan Orang-utan Conservation Programme, Sandakan, Sabah, Malaysia;1. Shenzhen Key Laboratory of High Performance Nontraditional Manufacturing, College of Mechatronics and Control Engineering, Shenzhen University, Shenzhen, 518060, China;2. Liaoning Key Laboratory of Complex Workpiece Surface Special Machining, University of Science and Technology Liaoning, Anshan, 114051, China;3. Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, 150001, China;1. University of Duisburg-Essen, Technical Chemistry I and Center of Nanointegration Duisburg‐Essen (CENIDE), Universitaetsstrasse 7, Essen D‐45141, Germany;2. NanoEnergieTechnikZentrum—NETZ, Carl-Benz-Straße 199, Duisburg D-47057, Germany;3. CNR-ISM, FLASH-IT UOS Tito Scalo, C.da S. Loja, Zona Industriale, Tito Scalo (PZ) I-85050, Italy;4. CNR-NANOTEC, Via Amendola 122/D, Bari I-70126, Italy;5. Department of Chemistry, University of Bari “Aldo Moro”, Via Orabona 4, Bari, Italy |
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| Abstract: | As the oil activity outside the Norwegian coast moves towards north, the potential for conflict with the fishing industry increases. Reasons for this are the presence of spawning areas for important fish stocks like herring and cod, and also the technical development of subsurface solutions for the oil exploration, increasing the risks for the occurrence of subsurface blowouts.The paper explains how this potential for conflict can be described by means of numerical modelling techniques. The Haltenbanken area outside the western coast of Norway is selected as a field case. The modelling work involves underwater plume modelling as well as 3D modelling of ocean currents. The results from these modelling works are then combined with the modelling of the far-field transport and dilution of the underwater plume, and also the modelling of the spreading and transport of larvae from spawning areas. By combining the calculation of the concentration fields with the spreading calculations of the larvae, the exposure of a total larvae population (one year stock) can be estimated.The paper concludes that under unfavourable conditions, the overlap between the hydrocarbon concentration fields and the geographical distribution of larvae at its most vulnerable stage may cause a significant impact on a population level. |
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