Cell phone recycling experiences in the United States and potential recycling options in Brazil |
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| Authors: | Geraldo TR Silveira Shoou-Yuh Chang |
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| Institution: | 1. Federal University of São João del Rei – Sete Lagoas Campus (UFSJ-CSL)/Department of Exacts and Biological Sciences (DECEB), MG 424, Km 45, Sete Lagoas, MG 35701-970, Brazil;2. Federal University of São João del Rei – UFSJ/Department of Natural Sciences (DCNAT), Praça Dom Helvécio 74, Fábricas, São João Del Rei, MG 36301-160, Brazil;1. Centre of Northern Environmental Technology (NorTech Oulu), Thule Institute, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 7300, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;2. Environmental and Chemical Engineering, Faculty of Technology, University of Oulu, P.O. Box 4300, FIN-90014 Oulu, Finland;1. Department of Environmental Sciences, School of Earth & Environmental Sciences, Central University of Himachal Pradesh, Dharamshala-176215, Himachal Pradesh, India;2. School of Environmental Sciences, Jawaharlal Nehru University, New Mehrauli Road-110067, New Delhi, India;3. Birbal Sahni Institute of Palaeosciences,53 University Road, Lucknow-226007, Uttar Pradesh, India;1. Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), TVK Industrial Estate, Guindy, Chennai 600032, Tamil Nadu, India;2. Laboratory for Advanced Research in Polymeric Materials (LARPM), Central Institute of Plastics Engineering and Technology (CIPET), B-25, CNI Complex, Patia, Bhubaneswar 751024, Odisha, India |
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| Abstract: | This paper presents an overview of cell phone recycling programs currently available in the United States. At the same time, it also provides analyses of the current recycling situation and possible recycling alternatives for Brazil. Although there are several recycling options in the United States, collection rates are still only 10% of all potential devices because customers are not aware of these possibilities. The whole system is financially based on reselling refurbished cell phones and recycled materials to developing countries which represent an effective and strong market. Several recyclers offer funds to collection partners who are either charities or who work with charities while obtaining the materials that they need in order to run their operations. A mobile phone recycling system for Brazil considering the United States experience and the Extended Producer Responsibility (EPR) principle is suggested. A deposit/refund/advance-recycling fee is proposed which might be implemented as a voluntary industrial initiative managed by PRO Brazil, a producer responsibility organization. One widespread public–private agreement will integrate all mobile phone stakeholders, and environmental education actions and promotional events will promote citizen’s participation. |
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