Field scale evaluation of volatile organic compound production inside biosecure swine mortality composts |
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| Authors: | Neslihan Akdeniz Jacek A Koziel Hee-Kwon Ahn Thomas D Glanville Benjamin P Crawford |
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| Institution: | 1. Department of Agricultural and Biosystems Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;2. Department of Civil, Construction and Environmental Engineering, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;3. Department of Food Sciences and Human Nutrition, Iowa State University, Ames, IA 50011, USA;1. Faculty of Land Resource Engineering, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Kunming 650093, PR China;2. Engineering Research Center for Efficient Utilization of Mineral Resources in Western of China, Kunming University of Science and Technology, Ministry of Education, Kunming 650093, PR China;1. Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Ewha Womans University, Seoul, Republic of Korea;2. Automotive Control System Strategy Team, Corporate Research & Development Division, Hyundai Motor Company, Republic of Korea;1. GázInnov Ltd., H-9400 Sopron, Asszonyvásár d?l? 31, Hungary;2. Seqomics Biotechnology Ltd., H-6782 Mórahalom, Vállalkozók útja 7., Hungary;3. Institute of Biochemistry, Biological Research Center of the Hungarian Academy of Sciences, H-6726 Szeged, Temesvári krt. 62., Hungary;4. Biogáz Fejleszt? Ltd., H-7400 Kaposvár, Pécsi út 8-10., Hungary;5. Institute of Chemistry, Faculty for Forestry, University of West Hungary, H-9400 Sopron, Bajcsy-Zs. u. 4., Hungary |
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| Abstract: | Emergency mortality composting associated with a disease outbreak has special requirements to reduce the risks of pathogen survival and disease transmission. The most important requirements are to cover mortalities with biosecure barriers and avoid turning compost piles until the pathogens are inactivated. Temperature is the most commonly used parameter for assessing success of a biosecure composting process, but a decline in compost core temperature does not necessarily signify completion of the degradation process. In this study, gas concentrations of volatile organic compounds (VOCs) produced inside biosecure swine mortality composting units filled with six different cover/plant materials were monitored to test the state and completion of the process. Among the 55 compounds identified, dimethyl disulfide, dimethyl trisulfide, and pyrimidine were found to be marker compounds of the process. Temperature at the end of eight weeks was not found as an indicator of swine carcass degradation. However, gas concentrations of the marker compounds at the end of eight weeks were found to be related to carcass degradation. The highest gas concentrations of the marker compounds were measured for the test units with the lowest degradation (highest respiration rates). Dimethyl disulfide was found to be the most robust marker compound as it was detected from all composting units in the eighth week of the trial. Concentration of dimethyl disulfide decreased from a range of 290–4340 ppmv to 6–160 ppbv. Dimethyl trisulfide concentrations decreased to a range of below detection limit to 430 ppbv while pyrimidine concentrations decreased to a range of below detection limit to 13 ppbv. |
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